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Application of Bioinformatics in Cancers
This collection of 25 research papers comprised of 22 original articles and 3 reviews is brought together from international leaders in bioinformatics and biostatistics. The collection highlights recent computational advances that improve the ability to analyze highly complex data sets to identify factors critical to cancer biology. Novel deep learning algorithms represent an emerging and highly valuable approach for collecting, characterizing and predicting clinical outcomes data. The collection highlights several of these approaches that are likely to become the foundation of research and clinical practice in the future. In fact, many of these technologies reveal new insights about basic cancer mechanisms by integrating data sets and structures that were previously immiscible. Accordingly, the series presented here bring forward a wide range of artificial intelligence approaches and statistical methods that can be applied to imaging and genomics data sets to identify previously unrecognized features that are critical for cancer. Our hope is that these articles will serve as a foundation for future research as the field of cancer biology transitions to integrating electronic health record, imaging, genomics and other complex datasets in order to develop new strategies that improve the overall health of individual patients.
The role of microRNAs in controlling protein expression noise
Author: Jörn Schmiedel
language: en
Publisher: Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH
Release Date: 2016-03-31
The expression of genes is based on stochastic processes, which lead to temporal fluctuations in the number of proteins of each gene. If such fluctuations become too large they can be detrimental to the fitness of an organisms, because most cellular processes are based on the precise interaction of proteins. This PhD thesis explores the role of post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms in the control of stochasticity in gene expression, with a focus on microRNAs, common regulators in multicellular organisms. Bioinformatic data analysis, mathematical modeling and single cell expression experiments are used to analyze the conditions under which microRNAs can lead to the reduction of fluctuations in gene expression. The central insight of this thesis is that microRNAs can indeed reduce fluctuations for most genes and that they are likely used by organisms for this purpose, thus ensuring precision to gene expression during development and the maintenance of the adult body. Der Expression von Genen liegen stochastische Prozesse zu Grunde, die zu Fluktuationen in der Menge von Proteinen eines jeden Gens führen. Zu starke Fluktuationen in Proteinmengen können für Organismen schädlich sein, da die meisten zellulären Prozesse auf der präzisen Wechselwirkung von Proteinen beruhen. Diese Dissertationsschrift befasst sich mit dem Einfluss von post-transkriptionellen Regulationsmechanismen auf die stochastischen Prozesse der Genexpression. Mittels bioinformatischer Datenanalyse, mathematischer Modellierung und gezielten Einzelzellexperimenten wird mit Fokus auf die in Mehrzellern weitverbreiteten microRNAs erforscht unter welchen Voraussetzungen Organismen post-transkriptionelle Regulation zu Verringerung von Fluktuationen benutzen können. Die zentrale Erkenntnis der vorliegenden Arbeit ist, dass microRNAs für die meisten Gene Fluktuationen verringern können und auch zu diesem Zweck genutzt werden.
Thermal Quantum Field Theory
This monograph presents recent developments in quantum field theory at finite temperature. By using Lie groups, ideas from thermal theory are considered with concepts of symmetry, allowing for applications not only to quantum field theory but also to transport theory, quantum optics and statistical mechanics. This includes an analysis of geometrical and topological aspects of spatially confined systems with applications to the Casimir effect, superconductivity and phase transitions. Finally, some developments in open systems are also considered. The book provides a unified picture of the fundamental aspects in thermal quantum field theory and their applications, and is important to the field as a result, since it combines several diverse ideas that lead to a better understanding of different areas of physics.
