Cross Hatching
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Perfecting Hatching and Cross-Hatching: Techniques for Value, Shading, and Texture in Ink Drawing
Embark on an artistic journey to master the captivating art of hatching and cross-hatching! This comprehensive guide unlocks the secrets of line drawing, empowering you to create mesmerizing works of art with precision, depth, and texture. Dive into the fundamentals, from the essential materials to the basic principles of value, shading, and form. Learn how to create stunning shadows and highlights using strategic line placement and spacing. With in-depth tutorials and practice exercises, you'll develop the dexterity and control needed for flawless hatching and cross-hatching. Explore the diverse applications of these techniques, from depicting the subtle textures of wood and stone to rendering the atmospheric effects of shadows and light. Through showcased examples of master artists, you'll witness the transformative power of hatching and cross-hatching in practice. Unleash your creativity and experiment with advanced techniques that push the boundaries of line drawing. Discover unconventional approaches, combine hatching and cross-hatching with other methods, and troubleshoot any challenges that arise along the way. Whether you're a seasoned artist or a beginner seeking to elevate your skills, this indispensable guide provides a wealth of knowledge, inspiration, and practical guidance. Immerse yourself in the art of hatching and cross-hatching, and unlock the potential for extraordinary line drawings that captivate the senses and stir the soul.
Development of 15 Micron Cutoff Wavelength HgCdTe Detector Arrays for Astronomy
This thesis describes advances in the understanding of HgCdTe detectors. While long wave (15 μm) infrared detectors HgCdTe detectors have been developed for military use under high background irradiance, these arrays had not previously been developed for astronomical use where the background irradiance is a billion times smaller. The main pitfall in developing such arrays for astronomy is the pixel dark current which plagues long wave HgCdTe. The author details work on the success of shorter wavelength development at Teledyne Imaging Sensors, carefully modeling the dark current–reverse bias voltage curves of their 10 μm devices at a temperature of 30K, as well as the dark current–temperature curves at several reverse biases, including 250 mV. By projecting first to 13 and then 15 μm HgCdTe growth, values of fundamental properties of the material that would minimize tunneling dark currents were determined through careful modeling of the dark current-reverse bias voltage curves, as well as the dark current-temperature curves. This analysis was borne out in the 13 μm parts produced by Teledyne, and then further honed to produce the necessary parameters for the 15 μm growth. The resulting 13 μm arrays are being considered by a number of ground-based astronomy research groups.
Foundations of Art and Design
Alan Pipes here provides an engaging introduction to the fundamentals of art and design for students embarking on graphic design, fine art and illustration - and also allied courses in interior, fashion, textile, industrial and product design, as well as printmaking.
