Cryogenic Engineering
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Cryogenic Process Engineering
Author: Klaus D. Timmerhaus
language: en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date: 2013-06-29
Cryogenics, a term commonly used to refer to very low temperatures, had its beginning in the latter half of the last century when man learned, for the first time, how to cool objects to a temperature lower than had ever existed na tu rally on the face of the earth. The air we breathe was first liquefied in 1883 by a Polish scientist named Olszewski. Ten years later he and a British scientist, Sir James Dewar, liquefied hydrogen. Helium, the last of the so-caBed permanent gases, was finally liquefied by the Dutch physicist Kamerlingh Onnes in 1908. Thus, by the beginning of the twentieth century the door had been opened to astrange new world of experimentation in which aB substances, except liquid helium, are solids and where the absolute temperature is only a few microdegrees away. However, the point on the temperature scale at which refrigeration in the ordinary sense of the term ends and cryogenics begins has ne ver been weB defined. Most workers in the field have chosen to restrict cryogenics to a tem perature range below -150°C (123 K). This is a reasonable dividing line since the normal boiling points of the more permanent gases, such as helium, hydrogen, neon, nitrogen, oxygen, and air, lie below this temperature, while the more common refrigerants have boiling points that are above this temperature. Cryogenic engineering is concerned with the design and development of low-temperature systems and components.
Advances in Cryogenic Engineering
Author: K. D. Timmerhaus
language: en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date: 2013-11-27
The Cryogenic Engineering Conference celebrated its Silver Anniversary at the 1979 Conference held at Madison, Wisconsin. For many it provided an opportunity to reminisce about the first Cryogenic Engineering Conference convened at the National Bureau of Standards in Boulder, Colorado and also about the many following conferences and advances that had been reported at these conferences. It is difficult to realize that the first Cryogenic Engineering Conference was held before the advent of multilayer insulation, the space age, large-scale LNG Operations and superconductivity applications. The evolution of these activities has been carefully recorded in past volumes of the Advances in Cryogenic Engineering. · Once again, the Cryogenic Engineering Conference is happy to have had the International Cryogenic Materials Conference cohost this meeting at the University of Wisconsin. Collaboration between these two conferences has proven to be mutually beneficial by providing the cryogenic engineer with an in-depth exposure to materials properties, selection, and utilization to complement the exposure to new applications and design concepts. The papers presented at this joint conference as part of the International Cryogenic Materials Conference will be published as Volume 26 of the Advances in Cryogenic Engineering.
Cryogenic Engineering
Author: Klaus D. Timmerhaus
language: en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date: 2007-11-12
Cryogenic Engineering: Fifty Years of Progress is a benchmark reference work which chronicles the major developments in the field. Starting with an historical background dating to the 1850s, this book reviews the development of data resources now available for cryogenic fields and properties of materials. The advances in cryogenic fundamentals are covered by reviews of cryogenic principles, cryogenic insulation, low-loss storage systems, modern liquefaction processes, helium cryogenics and low-temperature thermometry. Several well-established applications resulting from cryogenic advances include aerospace cryocoolers and refrigerators, use of LTS and HTS systems in electrical applications, and recent changes in cryopreservation. Extensive references are provided for the readers interested in the details of these cryogenic engineering advances.
