Ecosystems Evolution And Ultraviolet Radiation
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Ecosystems, Evolution, and Ultraviolet Radiation
Author: Charles Cockell
language: en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date: 2013-03-09
Much has been written about the effects of increased UV radiation caused by stratospheric ozone depletion on the weather, but there has been a dearth of publications on the role of UV on ecosystems as a whole. Now that much more is known about the effects of UV radiation at the organism level, we are gaining an understanding of how this impacts on specific ecosystems. From microbial to plant ecosystems, the book examines how changes in UV radiation, caused by anthropogenic ozone depletion, as well as changes in radiation levels throughout the evolution of life on Earth, can alter species composition and interspecies competitiveness. Two foci of the book are the evolutionary aspects of the effects of UV and also the various synergistic interactions of UV radiation with other environmental factors. Because our knowledge of UV effects on whole ecosystems is still at a relatively early stage, an important part of each chapter is an overview of future research directions and indications of where new data and knowledge are needed.
Biodiversity and Conservation: Causes and consequences of biodiversity loss 2 : pollution, climate change and unsustainable exploitation
Although 'biodiversity' is a relatively new coinage, scientists have been studying the subject it describes long before the word's first appearance in the language in the mid-1980s. In 1973, for instance, the UK Systematics Association held a symposium on 'The Changing Flora and Fauna of Britain' which concluded that not enough attention was being paid to the conservation of rarities, a conclusion also reached, said the symposium, at a meeting of the Linnaean Society some forty years earlier. By 1980, the Global 2000 Report to the President published by the US Council on Environmental Quality starkly warned of a diminution of up to one-fifth of all species by the turn of the century, and there is now a growing consensus that the world faces a 'biodiversity crisis' - a potentially catastrophic global loss of genetic, ecosystem, and, most obviously, species diversity. Indeed, especially since the UN Convention on Biological Diversity was promulgated in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, conserving biodiversity has become the principal focus of the global conservation movement. Indeed, the study of the origins, maintenance, and protection of diversity has become perhaps the most vibrant offshoot of ecology and conservation studies. It is increasingly taught and studied in universities - and other research institutions - around the world. Addressing the need for an authoritative reference work to make sense of this rapidly growing subject, and its ever more complex and multidisciplinary corpus of scholarly literature, Biodiversity and Conservation is a new title in the Routledge series, Critical Concepts in the Environment. Edited by Richard Ladle of Oxford University's Centre for the Environment, this new Major Work brings together in five volumes the foundational and the very best cutting-edge scholarship to provide a synoptic view of all the key issues and current debates
Environmental Effects of Ozone Depletion and Its Interactions with Climate Change
Author: United Nations Environment Programme
language: en
Publisher: United Nations Publications
Release Date: 2003
The 2002 report updates the assessment of the environmental effects of increased ultraviolet radiation and focuses on the interactions between ozone depletion and climate change. Findings include that atmospheric ozone levels remain depleted with an annual global average loss of about three per cent. Although the quality, quantity and availability of ground-based UV measurements continue to improve, a global-scale assessment is not yet available. Long-term effects on UV radiation from changes in cloud and snow cover have been observed, which indicates complex interactions between climate change and UV-B radiation. New studies continue to confirm the health problems caused by UV-B radiation, especially the formation of cataracts in the eyes, skin cancer and damage to the immune system. Interactions between UV radiation and other global climate change factors are also likely to affect many terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.