Interest Groups And Education Reform
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Interest Groups and Education Reform
Author: Veronica Donahue DiConti
language: en
Publisher: University Press of America
Release Date: 1996-10-10
During the 1980s, the education policy agenda proceeded from a consensus reached by politicians, the business community and educators to restructure the nation's public schools as a way to improve student achievement. This book begins with a critical examination of the impact of interest groups on American education since the inception of the first school system. Two restructuring proposals became extremely popular in the reform debate but stemmed from different premises about the best way to restructure the schools. The first, Public School Choice, centers on the idea that students should have the right to exit their assigned schools and attend a school of their choice. Schools would then be forced to improve because they would have to compete in the marketplace of students. The second proposal, School-Based Management, looks at the merits of strengthening the mechanism of voice for parents, students and teachers in the management of their neighborhood school. Those involved in the education process assess the needs, resources and development of local schools. Through two case studies, Minnesota and Baltimore City, the efforts and intentions of reformers demonstrate the abiility of interest groups to capture and define the purpose of a public institution at the state and local level.
Educational Policy-making
Originally published in 1975. This masterly study of policies and policy-makers in education opens up a major, and fascinating, area of public policy to analysis. In this book Professor Kogan draws together many of his previous findings to provide a searching examination and overview of education and its relationship both to government and to individuals and groups within the system. The result is not only a definitive statement on the making of educational policy, but a study of pressure groups; and in broader terms it is a commentary on the democratic efficiency of the British policymaking process both inside and outside Parliament. The core of the book is an analysis of the main policies which were the major concerns of educational government between 1960 and 1974. This shows how the various interest groups in education differ in their attitudes and their ways of working; and provides both an intriguing insight into the historical development of education over this key period and a variety of personal views from the individuals who helped to shape this development.
No Child Left Behind and the Transformation of Federal Education Policy, 1965-2005
Education is intimately connected to many of the most important and contentious questions confronting American society, from race to jobs to taxes, and the competitive pressures of the global economy have only enhanced its significance. Elementary and secondary schooling has long been the province of state and local governments; but when George W. Bush signed into law the No Child Left Behind Act in 2002, it signaled an unprecedented expansion of the federal role in public education. This book provides the first balanced, in-depth analysis of how No Child Left Behind (NCLB) became law. Patrick McGuinn, a political scientist with hands-on experience in secondary education, explains how this happened despite the country's long history of decentralized school governance and the longstanding opposition of both liberals and conservatives to an active, reform-oriented federal role in schools. His book provides the essential political context for understanding NCLB, the controversies surrounding its implementation, and forthcoming debates over its reauthorization. how the struggle to define the federal role in school reform took center stage in debates over the appropriate role of the government in promoting opportunity and social welfare. He places the evolution of the federal role in schools within the context of broader institutional, ideological, and political changes that have swept the nation since the 1965 Elementary and Secondary Education Act, chronicles the concerns raised by the 1983 report A Nation at Risk, and shows how education became a major campaign issue for both parties in the 1990s. McGuinn argues that the emergence of swing issues such as education can facilitate major policy change even as they influence the direction of wider political debates and partisan conflict. McGuinn traces the Republican shift from seeking to eliminate the U.S. Department of Education to embracing federal leadership in school reform, then details the negotiations over NCLB, the forces that shaped its final provisions, and the ways in which the law constitutes a new federal education policy regime - against which states have now begun to rebel. and that only by understanding the unique dynamics of national education politics will reformers be able to craft a more effective national role in school reform.