Medieval Germany
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Medieval Germany
An encyclopedia covering the political, social, intellectual, religious and cultural history of the German- and Dutch-speaking medieval world, between 500 and 1500. Entries cover individuals and their deeds as well as broader historical topics.
Medieval Germany, 1056-1273
Author: Alfred Haverkamp
language: en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date: 1988
Pp. 212-217 and 342-346, both entitled "The Jews as an Alien Minority", deal with the position of the Jews during the periods 1056-1152 and 1152-1273 respectively. The massacres of 1096 were carried out by mobs made fanatical by the crusading atmosphere and famine, at a time of crisis in church-state relations. Heinrich IV, who had granted the Jews of Worms protection charters in 1074, allowed forcibly baptized Jews to return to their faith in 1097. During the latter period (1152-1273) the Jews' isolation was increased by the Crusades, guild pressure, and harsh Church attitudes, driving them increasingly into usury. Riots occurred in 1235 after accusations of ritual murder. Friedrich II had them investigated and in 1236 declared them completely baseless.
