Quantum Computation
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Quantum Computation and Quantum Information
Author: Michael A. Nielsen
language: en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date: 2010-12-09
One of the most cited books in physics of all time, Quantum Computation and Quantum Information remains the best textbook in this exciting field of science. This 10th anniversary edition includes an introduction from the authors setting the work in context. This comprehensive textbook describes such remarkable effects as fast quantum algorithms, quantum teleportation, quantum cryptography and quantum error-correction. Quantum mechanics and computer science are introduced before moving on to describe what a quantum computer is, how it can be used to solve problems faster than 'classical' computers and its real-world implementation. It concludes with an in-depth treatment of quantum information. Containing a wealth of figures and exercises, this well-known textbook is ideal for courses on the subject, and will interest beginning graduate students and researchers in physics, computer science, mathematics, and electrical engineering.
Quantum Computation and Quantum Communication:
Author: Mladen Pavicic
language: en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date: 2007-01-15
The attraction of quantum computation and quantum communica tion theory and experiments hes in the fact that we engineer both them themselves and the quantum systems they treat. This approach has turned out to be very resiUent. Driven by the final goal of calculating exponentially faster and communicating infinitely more securely than we do today, as soon as we encounter a limitation in either a theory or experiment, a new idea around the no-go emerges. As soon as the decoherence "demon" threatened the first computation models, quan tum error correction theory was formulated and applied not only to computation theory but also to communication theory to make it un conditionally secure. As soon as liquid-state nuclear magnetic resonance experiments started to approach their limits, solid-based nuclear spin experiments—the Kane computer—came in. As soon as it was proved that it is theoretically impossible to completely distinguish photon Bell states, three new approaches appeared: hyperentanglement, the use of continuous variables, and the Knill-Laflamme-Milburn proposal. There are many more such examples. What facilitated all these breakthroughs is the fact that at the present stage of development of quantum computation and communication, we deal with elementary quantum systems consisting of several two-level systems. The complexity of handling and controlHng such simple sys tems in a laboratory has turned out to be tremendous, but the basic physical models we follow and calculate for the systems themselves are not equally intricate.
Classical and Quantum Computation
Author: Alexei Yu. Kitaev
language: en
Publisher: American Mathematical Soc.
Release Date: 2002
This book is an introduction to a new rapidly developing theory of quantum computing. It begins with the basics of classical theory of computation: Turing machines, Boolean circuits, parallel algorithms, probabilistic computation, NP-complete problems, and the idea of complexity of an algorithm. The second part of the book provides an exposition of quantum computation theory. It starts with the introduction of general quantum formalism (pure states, density matrices, and superoperators), universal gate sets and approximation theorems. Then the authors study various quantum computation algorithms: Grover's algorithm, Shor's factoring algorithm, and the Abelian hidden subgroup problem. In concluding sections, several related topics are discussed (parallel quantum computation, a quantum analog of NP-completeness, and quantum error-correcting codes).Rapid development of quantum computing started in 1994 with a stunning suggestion by Peter Shor to use quantum computation for factoring large numbers - an extremely difficult and time-consuming problem when using a conventional computer. Shor's result spawned a burst of activity in designing new algorithms and in attempting to actually build quantum computers. Currently, the progress is much more significant in the former: a sound theoretical basis of quantum computing is under development and many algorithms have been suggested.In this concise text, the authors provide solid foundations to the theory - in particular, a careful analysis of the quantum circuit model - and cover selected topics in depth. Included are a complete proof of the Solovay-Kitaev theorem with accurate algorithm complexity bounds, approximation of unitary operators by circuits of doubly logarithmic depth. Among other interesting topics are toric codes and their relation to the anyon approach to quantum computing. Prerequisites are very modest and include linear algebra, elements of group theory and probability, and the notion of a formal or an intuitive algorithm. This text is suitable for a course in quantum computation for graduate students in mathematics, physics, or computer science. More than 100 problems (most of them with complete solutions) and an appendix summarizing the necessary results are a very useful addition to the book. It is available in both hardcover and softcover editions.
