The Phoenix Program
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The Phoenix Program
“This shocking expose of the CIA operation aimed at destroying the Vietcong infrastructure thoroughly conveys the hideousness of the Vietnam War” (Publishers Weekly). In the darkest days of the Vietnam War, America’s Central Intelligence Agency secretly initiated a sweeping program of kidnap, torture, and assassination devised to destabilize the infrastructure of the National Liberation Front (NLF) of South Vietnam, commonly known as the “Viet Cong.” The victims of the Phoenix Program were Vietnamese civilians, male and female, suspected of harboring information about the enemy—though many on the blacklist were targeted by corrupt South Vietnamese security personnel looking to extort money or remove a rival. Between 1965 and 1972, more than eighty thousand noncombatants were “neutralized,” as men and women alike were subjected to extended imprisonment without trial, horrific torture, brutal rape, and in many cases execution, all under the watchful eyes of US government agencies. Based on extensive research and in-depth interviews with former participants and observers, Douglas Valentine’s startling exposé blows the lid off of what was possibly the bloodiest and most inhumane covert operation in the CIA’s history. The ebook edition includes “The Phoenix Has Landed,” a new introduction that addresses the “Phoenix-style network” that constitutes America’s internal security apparatus today. Residents on American soil are routinely targeted under the guise of protecting us from terrorism—which is why, more than ever, people need to understand what Phoenix is all about.
Ashes to Ashes
Draws on interviews with former operatives and on government documents to present a highly positive account of the controversial rural pacification program from its inception in 1967 to the departure of its American advisors and collapse of the program in 1973. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
The Phoenix Program: from Vietnam to Black Sites-A Legacy of Torture
"During the Vietnam War, the United States attempted to defeat the North Vietnamese through assorted endeavors. One such effort was developed by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in 1967 and referred to as the Phoenix Program. This covert operation combined existing counterinsurgency programs in a concerted effort to 'neutralize' the Vietcong infrastructure (VCI). Even though the program terminated at the war's end, Phoenix rose from the ashes to assist the United States across the globe. This research will explore Phoenix, its objectives, methods, and impacts, along with its application to contemporary practices utilized by the U.S. government against various adversaries. This analysis involves an examination of both primary and secondary sources related to Phoenix. Government documents from U.S. military and CIA archives, along with congressional hearings, explain the operation, its goals and effects. More recent secondary sources disclose aspects of the operation utilized as a mainstay of America's military and intelligence agency efforts to fight terrorism."--Abstract.